Presentation Dka free essay sample

Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as  diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high  blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough  insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of  polyuria  (frequent urination),  polydipsia  (increased thirst) and  polyphagia  (increased hunger). There are three main types of diabetes: * Type  1 diabetes: results from the bodys failure to produce insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin. Also referred to as insulin-dependent  diabetes mellitus,  IDDM  for short, and  juvenile  diabetes. ) * Type  2 diabetes: results from  insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency. (Formerly referred to as  non-insulin-dependent  diabetes mellitus,  NIDDM  for short, and  adult-onset  diabetes. ) * Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation Dka or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It may precede development of type  2 DM. (1) In the Philippines, according to the Department of Health (DOH), an estimated four million Filipinos suffer from  diabetes. It appears that most Filipinos suffer from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Early signs are lethargy, extreme thirst, and frequent urination. Other symptoms may include sudden weight loss, slow  wound healing, urinary tract infections, gum disease, or blurred vision. It is not unusual for  Type II diabetes  to be detected while a patient is seeing a doctor about another health concern that is actually being caused by the yet undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis  (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients with  diabetes mellitus. It happens predominantly in those with  type 1 diabetes, but it can occur in those with  type 2 diabetes  under certain circumstances. DKA results from a shortage of insulin; in response the body switches to burning  fatty acids  and producing acidic  ketone bodies  that cause most of the symptoms and complications. (2) DKA may be the first symptom of previously undiagnosed diabetes, but it may also occur in known diabetics due to a variety of causes, such as intercurrent illness or poor compliance with  insulin therapy. Vomiting,  dehydration,  deep gasping breathing,  confusion  and occasionally coma  are typical symptoms. DKA is diagnosed with  blood  and  urine tests; it is distinguished from other, rarer forms of  ketoacidosis  by the presence of high  blood sugar  levels. Treatment involves  intravenous fluids  to correct dehydration, insulin to suppress the production of ketone bodies, treatment for any underlying causes such as infections, and close observation to prevent and identify complications. (2) DKA is a  medical emergency, and without treatment it can lead to death.